ABSTRACT
Genetic diversity, agronomic performance, and bioactive properties, of sweet and bitter white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) genotypes

Alaa H. Abd-Elsamei1, EL-Sayed I. Mahgoub1, Hany A. Wafa1, Nora M. Al Aboud2, Jameel M. Al-Khayri3*, Diaa Abd El-Moneim4, Thorya A. Fallatah5, Mohammed Alqurashi6, Eman Fayad6, Asim Alsenani6, Hana Alsufyani6, Fatimah Hadadi7, Uthman B. Algopishi8, Elsayed Mansour9*, and Abdallah A. Hassanin1
 
Understanding the agronomic performance and genetic diversity of sweet and bitter lupin genotypes is crucial for developing improved varieties with enhanced yield, nutritional quality, and disease resistance. This study evaluated the agronomic performance and molecular diversity of five sweet (Accessions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) and five bitter (‘Giza 1’, ‘Giza 2’, ‘Giza 3’, Accession A, and Accession B) lupin (Lupinus albus L.) genotypes across two growing seasons (2021-2022 and 2022-2023). Significant differences were observed among genotypes for phenological, growth, and yield-related traits. Accession-A consistently demonstrated superior performance across most measured traits, including plant height, number of branches and pods per plant, seed number per plant, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. ‘Giza-1’ and Accession-B also exhibited promising agronomic characteristics. Clustering analysis based on agronomic data categorized genotypes into three groups, with Accession-A forming a distinct group due to its high performance. Principal component analysis revealed strong positive correlations between yield and several agronomic traits, while days to flowering showed a negative association. Molecular analysis using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers revealed polymorphism among the genotypes, with Accession-A and Accession-B exhibiting the highest similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on SCoT markers clustered the genotypes into four groups, reflecting the genetic diversity among them. Biochemical analysis revealed that sweet lupin (as Accession 5) demonstrated superior total protein content, phenolic, and flavonoid levels. Sweet lupin also had enhanced antioxidant activity, as in Accessions 5 and 3, achieving up to 93% scavenging of DPPH free radicals. Both sweet and bitter lupin displayed significant antibacterial activity, but sweet lupin, as Accessions 5 and 3, showed the highest inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings provide valuable information for lupin breeding programs, particularly for selecting superior genotypes like Accession-A and understanding the genetic relationships among different lupin genotypes.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, genetic diversity, lupin genotypes, phylogenetic analysis, polymorphism, SCoT markers.
1Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture, Genetics Department, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
2Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Makkah 24372, Saudi Arabia.
3King Faisal University, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
4Arish University, Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Production, El-Arish, Egypt.
5University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biological Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
6Taif University, College of Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
7Al-Baha University, Faculty of Science, Department of biology, Al-Baha 65527, Saudi Arabia.
8King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
9Zagazig University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
*Corresponding authors (sayed_mansour_84@yahoo.es, jkhayri@kfu.edu.sa)