ABSTRACT
Assessment of SPLAT formulations for control of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a Brazilian apple orchard

Cristiano Joao Arioli1, Patrik Luiz Pastori2*, Marcos Botton3, Mauro Silveira Garcia4, Rafael Borges5, and Agenor Mafra-Neto5
 
Mating disruption is a technique that uses synthetic copies of sex pheromones to control insect pests. We aimed to control Oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with formulations of SPLAT Grafo (SG) and SPLAT Grafo Attract and Kill (SGAK) in small (1 ha) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards. Our experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard with ‘Gala’ trees (spacing 1.5 × 4.5 m) in Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. We evaluated the effect of four treatments on G. molesta population densities: a) SG at 1 kg ha-1 (300 point sources of 3.3 g each), b) SGAK at 1 kg ha-1 (1000 point sources of 1 g each), c) insecticides as recommended by Integrated Apple Production (IAP), and d) untreated control (no treatment). Specialized Pheromone and Lure Application Technology (SPLAT) treatments were applied on 1 August 2004 and reapplied after 120 d (1 December 2004). The treatment effect was evaluated by weekly counts of males captured in Delta traps baited with commercial synthetic sex pheromone lures (eight traps per treatment). We assessed fruit damage caused by G. molesta in eight replicates of 200 fruits each on 26 October, 30 November 2004, and 5 and 31 January 2005. Applying 1 kg ha-1 of SG and SGAK in August and December 2004 significantly reduced the number of male moths caught in Delta traps. Damage to fruits at harvest, however, did not differ significantly from the control. This indicates a decline in the efficacy of mating disruption when SG and SGAK are used to protect small areas (1 ha) under high Oriental fruit moth pressure.
Keywords: Attract and kill, integrated apple production, Malus domestica, Oriental fruit moth, pheromone trap.
1Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural do Estado de Santa Catarina, Estação Experimental de São Joaquim, 88.600-000, São Joaquim, Santa Catarina, Brasil.
2Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, 60.356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. *Corresponding author (plpastori@ufc.br).
3Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Uva e Vinho, 95.700-000, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
4Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, 96.160-000, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
5ISCA Technologies, Inc., 1230 Spring Street, Riverside,